compiled from a lecture given by Mrs. Ruth J. Smith
Do we have a clear understanding of the character and destiny of free government?
During a Pilgrim Institute teaching conference, Mr. James Rose presented the concept of preserving the blessings of liberty, emphasizing how essential it is to sustain these freedoms. To explore this further, we will examine the founding state constitutions and identify the values that underpin free government.
Let’s begin by looking at various constitutions:
- Virginia: “No free government or the blessings of liberty can be preserved to any people…”
- Pennsylvania: A “frequent recurrence to fundamental principles” is necessary to “preserve the blessings of liberty.”
- North Carolina: Similar language, emphasizing fundamental principles as essential for liberty.
- Vermont: Stresses adherence to justice, moderation, and frugality to maintain free government.
- Massachusetts and New Hampshire: Both stress the importance of moral virtues to secure liberty.
Each constitution links “free government” with “the blessings of liberty.” This reflects the founders’ belief that liberty and free government are inseparable—one cannot exist without the other.
[Download the resource: Preambles to the State Constitutions]
What Is Free Government?
Understanding “free government” can be challenging. Webster’s definition of government highlights “direction, regulation, control, and restraint.”
A “free” government, however, is defined as fixed laws made by consent of the subjects, not by the arbitrary will of a ruler, securing private rights and privileges.
The Character of Free Government
If free government requires certain “peculiar qualities,” what are they? Let’s turn to Scripture for guidance.
- Romans 13:1-4: Governments are ordained by God to do good, a “terror to evil works.”
- 1 Peter 2:13-14: Governments are to punish wrongdoers and praise those who do well.
According to the Bible, proper civil government ministers for the good of the individual, opposes evil, and executes justice.
Historically, this idea led to the view that civil government should value and protect each individual who, in turn, are to practice self government.
From this foundation of individual self government comes the character and practice which supports liberty in the local community first, in the wider spheres of civil government next, and finally in the nation.
Individual Self Government
Felix Morley captures this idea: “To put the power in the people implies faith… that individuals are, for the most part, already endowed with self-control.” In other words, true freedom assumes people can govern themselves. This self-governing character forms the foundation of a free nation.
Liberty and Law, Christian Self-Government, and Biblical Unity
Free government also requires liberty balanced by law. Liberty without law leads to chaos; but when liberty is grounded on Biblical principles, it creates harmony. This unity allows for local self-government within a broader national framework, supporting a diverse yet unified nation.
Another key aspect is protecting inalienable rights—life, liberty, and property. Government should protect, not provide these rights, ensuring individuals can live freely within the law.
The Destiny of Free Government
What is the destiny, or outcome, of free government? Ideally, it is a society where government does not intrude on private lives unnecessarily, respects individuals’ rights, and remains restrained and limited. Galatians 5:1 instructs us to “stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free,” calling us to protect our freedom.
However, free government is constantly under threat from two extremes:
- Open Violence and Overthrow: Forces that aim to topple the system.
- Licentiousness and Moral Decay: Excessive freedom without restraint that disregards law and morality.
Reverend Simeon Howard, in a 1773 sermon, warned that unity, respect for government, and vigilance against encroachments are essential for maintaining liberty. A divided people are susceptible to oppression and become “an easy prey to every invader.” He urged for unity in defending liberty, warning that licentiousness—the misuse of freedom—weakens society.
Preserving the Blessings of Liberty
Daniel Webster echoed this in 1820, noting that “good and virtuous sentiments” are necessary to guard against violence and moral decay. Similarly, Noah Webster argued that only Scripture can preserve morals and maintain free government. Without it, society drifts toward disorder and misery, as human reason alone cannot sustain moral values.
A Character of Virtue for a Free Society
To maintain free government, a virtuous character is required of the people. Each constitution highlighted the virtues necessary for sustaining liberty, including justice, piety, moderation, temperance, and industry. These are not only goals for individuals but also qualities that define a nation prepared to support free government.
Benjamin Franklin’s practice of working on specific character qualities might be worth emulating today. We, too, can build these virtues in ourselves and our communities, promoting a character suited to liberty.
Conclusion: The Interdependence of Liberty and Free Government
In closing, free government and the blessings of liberty are interdependent. Our nation’s history demonstrates this, offering a model for other nations. America’s testimony to the world is that genuine liberty can be achieved only through adherence to Christian principles.
Our role, then, is to preserve these principles for future generations. Foundational elements such as virtue, self-government, and Biblical truth are essential to achieving both free government and liberty. When we base our government on Scripture, we can hope for true freedom. As Jeremiah 18 reminds us, God is able to reshape nations willing to return to His ways, restoring their blessings. It is up to us to stand firm in these truths, trusting that God will preserve our land if we remain faithful.
To learn more about the character and destiny of free government, Pilgrim Institute recommends, Rudiments of America’s Christian History and Government, also available as an online course.
